Vol. No. 4               January and July, 1995         No. 1 & 2
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Studies on the dynamics and mechanism of deltamethrin resistance of Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett, 1898 (Diptera : Culicidae) in China1

 

ZHU CHANGLIANG2, L. YULAN3, T. HAISHENG2, L. JIANMING2,

J. ZHIKUAN4 AND YE BING HUI2

 

Abstract

Over 15 generations of Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett, 1898, resistance was selected with deltamethrin , and the Lc 50 value rose steadily from 0.040 ppm to 29.309 ppm (733 times). When the application of deltamethrin was suspended after the F16 generation, the resistance level of the larvae diminished, and then rose rapidly when the larvae were treated again from generatios F22 to F27 . After F28 generation when the deltamethrin exposure was suspended again, the Lc50 value became lesser again but fluctuated between 7.7 - 192.5 ppm. The synergetic test shows that the increasing mixed function oxidases (MFO) activity is one of the main mechanisms of deltamethrin resistance, but it also seems that the resistance is hardly related with esterase.

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KEY WORDS : Deltamethrin, resistance, Culex pipiens pallens, filial generation, Lc50 value, synergetic test, mixed function oxidases, esterase, parental generation, larvae.

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1. Accepted on 6.12.1994.

2. Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.(PRC).

3. Nanjing Epidemic Prevention Station, Nanjing 210008,

4. Military Medical Institute of Nanjing, Military Area, Nanjing 210005,P.R.C.

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The trial of Ectopor* (Cypermethrin) squirt on sheep and goats for the control of tsetse flies Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau - Desvoidy, 1930 (Diptera Glossinidae) in Nigeria1

A.O. ANAVHE2 AND G.A. OMOOGUN2

Abstract


A trial of Ectopor* (Cypermethrin) squirt-on on four sheeps and four goats with one extra animal each as control was made in Nigeria. Twenty tsetse flies, Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau - Desvoidy, 1930 (Diptera : Glossinidae) were used per treated animal which resulted in a 100 per cent mortality upto day 14 post treatment. Mortality remained high from day 35 upto day 42 (77.5 per cent from sheep and 57.5 per cent from goats). By the day 49, the knockdown effect was noted upto 60 per cent in sheep but it declined below 40 per cent in goats. Knockdown effect remained high throughout the period dropping to about 90 per cent by day 49. The control mortalities in tsetse flies fed on untreated sheep and goat were never more than 10 per cent. The Ectopor* squirt application seemed to protect the sedentary livestock from the attacks of tsetse flies which may also simultaneously control the trypanosomiasis infection in these animals.

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KEY WORDS : Ectopor*. cypermethrin, Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau - Desvoidy, 1930, trypanosomiasis, tsetse flies, bioassay tests

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1. Accepted on 6.12.1994.

2. Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P.M.B. 03, Vom, Plateau state, Nigeria.

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Some aspects of the bionomics and epidemiological signifi- cance of Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp, 1884 in Bastar district, Madhya Pradesh1, 2, 3

ZAKIR HUSAIN HUSAINY4,

 

Abstract

 

Studies on the anopheline fauna of Bastar district, Madhya Pradesh yielded 21716 specimens of 19 species of Anopheles having 1166 specimens of Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp, 1884 group collected in 21 villages out of 105 surveyed. The elevation ranged between 48.5 to 761 m. In forest areas the group was found to rest out of door. The feeding times were irregular. The group was more numerous in winter and more abundant in the hot-wet climate. Female was not found biting human bait though human blood detected in precipitin tests. None of the females dissected was found infected by malria parasite.

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KEY WORDS : Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp, 1884; bionomics, distribution, diurnal resting sites, feeding times, seasonal prevalence, malaria, precipitin test, abundance, epidemiological significance, Bastar district, India.

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1. Accepted on 6th December, 1994

2.This paper forms a part of a thesis on which Indore University, Indore, India awarded a doctorate degree in 1976.

3. Recent studies have revealed that Anopheles barbirostris is a species complex. However, various workers have reported their findings on the species complex as a whole. In this paper also the data are given on the same line.

4. Assistant Entomologist, National Malaria Eradication Programme, Jagdalpur, Bastar district, Madhya Pradesh, India.

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Studies on the histology of the eye of Culex quinquifasciatus Say, (Diptera : Culicidae)1

 

Y. WEN2,3, L.E.MUIR2 AND B.H. KAY2

 

Abstract

 

A study was undertaken on the histology of the eye of Culex quinquifasciatus Say, 1923 larvae collected from a sewarage pond located at a treatment plant in Brisbane, Australia and maintained as a colony in the laboratory. A batch of ten males and females three to four days old was exposed to light adaptation for three days. These were fixed by using standard histological techniques. Longitudenal and transverse microtomal sections of each of 50 samples revealed that the ommatidium of this insect was typically hexagonal lattice in shape. The diameters of the ommatidia of males and females differed being 18.72 ± 0.21 µ and 20.3 ±0.19 µ (X + SE) respectively. The corneas were found slightly flat while the shape of the rhabdom was a line. This mosquito was able to utilize for vision the poor ambient light conditions.

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KEY WORDS : Culex quinquifasciatus Say, 1923, histology, eye parameters, ommatidium, corneas, rhabdom, hexagonal lattice, ambient light, photoperiod.

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1.Accepted on 7.12.1994.

2.Mosquito Control Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Qld. 4029, Australia.

3.Malaria Unit, Sichuan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

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BOOK REVIEW

STUDIES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF YELLOW FEVER IN TRINIDAD : 1991. CAREC Monograph Series 1. Edited by Elisha S. Tikasingh. Preface by Franklin White. Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC). Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), 16-18, Jamaica Boulevard, Federation Park, Port of Spain, Republic of Trinidad & Tobago. ISBN : 976 - 8001 -91 - 7, ISSN : 1014 - 8752, 170 P. $12.00 (U.S.).

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STUDIES ON SOME VECTORS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE : 1996. Edited by Dr. A.K. Hati, Prof. and Head, Department of Medical Entomology (DME), Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM), Calcutta. 152 p. Price : Nil.

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STUDIES ON CULEX VISHNUI AND OTHER RELATED VECTORS OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS IN RURAL BENGAL : 1996. Edited by Dr. A.K. Hati, Prof. and Head, Department of Medical Entomology (DME), Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM), Calcutta 700073, India. 151p, Price : nil.

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